21. The Book on Military Expeditions

Narrated Abu Al-Bakhtari:

"An Army from the armies of the Muslims, whose commander was Salman Al-Farisi, besieged one of the Persian castles. They said: 'O Abu 'Abdullah! Should we charge them?' He said: 'Leave me to call them (to Islam) as I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) call them.' So Salman went to them and said: 'I am…

Narrated Ibn 'Asim Al-Muzani:

From his father and he was a Companion who said: "When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) dispatched any army or battalion, he would say to them: 'If you see a Masjid, or hear someone calling the Adhan, then do not kill anyone.'"

Narrated Anas:

"When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set out for Khaibar, he approached it at night and when he came to a people during the night, he would not attack them until morning. So when the morning came, the Jews came out with their shovels and baskets, then when they saw him, they said: 'Muhammad! By Allah Mu…

Narrated Abu Talhah:

"When the Prophet (ﷺ) overtook a people he would stay at the outskirts of their city for three nights."

Narrated Ibn 'Umar:

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) burnt the palm trees of Bani Nadir and cut them down at Al-Buwairah. So Allah revealed: Whatever you cut down of their palm trees, or you left them standing on their trunks, then it was by the permission of Allah, and in the order to disgrace the rebellious.(59:5)"

Narrated Abu Umamah:

That the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Verily, Allah has honored me over the (other) Prophets" - or he said: "My nation over the nations, and He has made the spoils of war lawful for us."

Another chain from Abu Hurairah who narrated that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:

"I have been honored over the Prophets with six (things): I have been given Jawami' Al-Kalam, I have been aided by (the ability to cause in the enemy) fright, the spoils of war have been made lawful for me, the Earth has been made as a Masjid and purifier for me, and I have been sent to all creatures, and with me Prophethood is sealed."

Narrated Ibn 'Umar:

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) divided the spoils as two shares for the horse and one share for the man."

Another chain with similar meaning. There are narrations on this topic from Mujammi' bin Jariyah, Ibn 'Abbas, and Ibn Abi 'Amrah from his father. This Hadith of Ibn 'Umar is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ…

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:

That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The best companions are four, the best Saraya (military unit) is four hundred, the best army is four thousand, and twelve thousand will not be beaten due to being too few." This Hadith is Hasan Gharib, it was not narrated with a chain by anyone important besi…

Narrated Yazid bin Hurmuz:

That Najdah Al-Haruri wrote to Ibn 'Abbas asking if the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would fight along with women, and if he would fix a share of the spoils of war for them. Ibn 'Abbas wrote to him: "You wrote to me asking me if the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would fight along with women. He did fight along w…

Narrated 'Umair, the freed slave of Abil-Lahm:

"I participated at Khaibar with my masters. They spoke about me to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and told him that I was a slave." He said: "So he ordered me to take up the sword, and I found myself dragging it, so he ordered that I be given something from the goods. I presented a Ruqyah that I used to…

Narrated 'Aishah:

That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) advanced towards Badr till he reached Harrah Al-Wabr where he was met by a man from the idolaters, about whom it was said he was brave and courageous. The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him: "Do you believe in Allah and his Messenger?" He said: "No." He said: "Then return, becau…

It has been related by Az-Zuhri, that the Prophet (ﷺ) gave a portion to some people among the Jews who fought along with him. This was narrated to us by Qutaibah (who said):

"Abdul-Warith bin Sa'eed narrated to us from 'Urwah bin Thabit, from Az-Zuhri." This Hadith is Hasan Gharib.

Narrated Abu Musa:

"I arrived upon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) at Khaibar along with a group of the Ash'ari tribe. He gave us shared along with those that conquered it." This Hadith is Hasan Sahih Gharib. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge. Al-Awza'i said: "Whoever meets up with the Musli…

Narrated Abu Tha'labah Al-Khushani:

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was asked about the pots of the Zorastrians. He said: 'Clean them by washing them, and then cook in them.' And he prohibited every predator and possessor of canines." This Hadith has been reported through routes other than this from Abu Tha'labah. Abu Idris Al-Khawlani …

Another Chain fro Abu Idris Al-Khawlani 'Ai'dhullah bin 'Ubaidullah who said:

"I heard Abu Tha'labah Al-Khushani saying: 'I went to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: "O Messenger of Allah! We live in a land of the People of the Book and we eat from their containers." He said: "If you find other containers than do not eat from them. If you do not find them, then wash them a…

Narrated 'Ubadah bin As-Samit:

"The Prophet (ﷺ) used to confer a fourth of spoils of war in the early part of the expedition, and a third during the return." There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Abbas, Habib bin Maslamh, Ma'n bin Yazid, Ibn 'Umar, and Salamah bin Al-Akwa'. This Hadith of 'Ubadah is a Hasan Hadith. This …

Another chain from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet (ﷺ) took his sword Dhul-Fiqar on the Day of Badr, and it is the one that he saw in the dream on the Day of Uhud. This Hadith is Hasan Gharib. We only know it from this route through the report of Ibn Abi Az-Zinad. The people of knowledge differ over giving the Nafl from the Khumus. Malik bin Anas said:

"It has not reached me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave the Nafl during every expedition, but it has been conveyed to me that he gave the Nafl in some of them. That is according to the discretion of the Imam during the beginning of the division of the spoils or the end of it." Ibn Mansur said:…

Narrated Abu Qatadah:

That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever kills someone in battle, having a proof for that, then his goods are his." There is a story with this Hadith.

Another Chain with similar meaning There are narrations on this topic from 'Awf bin Malik, Khalid bin Al-Walid, Anas, and Samurah. This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. Abu Muhammad is Nafi' the freed slave of Abu Qatadah. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) and others. It is the view of Al-Awza'i, Ash-Shafi'i and Ahmad. Some of the people of knowledge said that the Imam takes Khumus from those goods. Ath-Thawri said:

"The Nafl is when the Imam says: 'Whoever got something, then it is his. And whoever killed a fighter, then his goods are his.' So it is allowed, and there is no Khumus taken from it." Ishaq said: "The goods are for the one who did the killing, unless it is something that is a large amount." So he s…

Narrated Abu Sa’id Al Khudri :

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prohibited selling the spoils of war until it has been distributed." There is something on this topic from Abu Hurairah. This Hadith is Gharib.

Narrated Umm Habibah bint 'Irbad bin Sariyah:

From her father who told her that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prohibited intercourse with female prisoners, until they deliver what is in their wombs." There is something on this topic from Ruwaifi' bin Thabit, and the Hadith of 'Irbad is a Gharib Hadith. This is acted upon according to the people…

Narrated Qabisah bin Hulb:

From his father, who said: "I asked the Prophet (ﷺ) about the food of the Christians. He (ﷺ) said: 'Do not allow food to put uneasiness in your chest similar to the doubts of Christianity about it." This Hadith is Hasan

Another Chain with similar chain.

Another chain with similar narration. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge regarding the permission for the food of the People of the Book.

Narrated Abu Ayyub:

That he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: "Whoever separates between a mother and her child, then Allah will separate between him and his beloved on the Day of Judgement." There is something on this topic from 'Ali. This Hadith is Hasan Gharib. This is acted upon according to the people of …

Narrated 'Ali:

That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said that Jibra'il had indeed descended upon him to say to him: "Tell them - meaning your Companions - to choose regarding the captives of Badr, between either killing them or ransoming the, so that the amount killed by them will correspond similarly to them." So they…

Narrated 'Imran bin Husain:

That the Prophet (ﷺ) ransomed two men for the Muslims with a man from the idolaters. This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. The paternal uncle of Abu Al-Muhallab's name is 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Amr, and they also say it was Muhawiyah bin 'Amr. And Abu Qilabah's name is 'Abdullah bin Zaid Al-Jarmi (narrator i…

Narrated Ibn 'Umar:

That a woman was found killed in one of the expeditions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) rebuked that, and he prohibited killing women and children. There are narrations on this topic from Buraidah and Rabah - and they say he was Riyah - bin Ar-Rabi', Al-Aswad bin Sari…

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:

"I was informed by As-Sa'b bin Jaththamah who said: " I said: "O Messenger of Allah our horses trampled over women and children of the idolaters." He said: "They are from their fathers.'" This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Abu Hurairah:

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent us with an army and said: 'If you see so-and-so, and so-and-so' referring to two men from the Quraish: 'then burn them with fire.' Then, upon our departure, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'I ordered you to burn so-and-so, and so-and-so with fire, and indeed, none p…

Narrated Thawban:

That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever dies and he is free of three: Kibr (Pride), Ghulul, and debt, he will enter paradise." There are narrations on this topic from Abu Hurairah and Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhni Footnote: Ghulul refers to goods stolen from the spoils of war, or concealed, before it is divided among the soldiers

Narrated Thawban:

That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever's soul departs from his body while he is free of three: Kanz (buried treasure), Ghulul, and debt, then he will enter paradise." This is how Sa'eed narrated it: "Kanz" while Abu 'Awanah said in his narration: "Kibr" and he did not mention "from Ma'dan"…

Narrated Simak Abu Rumail Al-Hanafi:

"I heard Ibn 'Abbas saying: 'Umar bin Al-Khattab narrated to me that he said: "It was said: 'O Messenger of Allah! So-and-so has been martyred.' He said: "No! I saw him in the fire of garment he pilfered from the spoils of war.' He said: 'Stand up O 'Umar! Call out that no one enters paradise except…

Narrated Anas:

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to go to battle with Umm Sulaim, and other women with her, from the Ansar, who would give water and attend to the wounded." There is something on this topic from Ar-Rabi' bin Mu'awwidh. This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated 'Ali:

From the Prophet (ﷺ), that Kisra sent him a gift so he accepted, and that kings gave him gifts and he accepted them. There is something about this from Jabir. This is a Hasan Gharib Hadith. Thuwair (a narrator in the chain) is Ibn Abi Fakhitah, whose name was Sa'eed bin 'Illaqah, and Thuwair's Kunyah was Abu Jahm.

Narrated 'Iyad bin Himar:

That he gave the Prophet (ﷺ) a gift or a camel, so the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Have you accepted Islam?" He said: "No." He said: "Then I have been prohibited from the Zabd (gift) of the idolaters." This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. And the meaning of his saying: "I haven been prohibited from the Zabd (gifts…

Narrated Abu Bakrah:

"The Prophet (ﷺ) was met by some affair that made him happy, so he prostrated to Allah." This Hadith is Hasan Gharib, we do not know of it except from this route, as a narration of Bakkar bin 'Abdul-'Aziz. This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge, they held the view that …

Narrated Abu Hurairah:

That the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Indeed a woman grants (assurances of protection) to a people" - meaning it is to be honored - "from the Muslims." There is something on this topic from Umm Hani, and this Hadith is Hasan Gharib. I asked Muhammad and he said: "This Hadith is Sahih. Kathir bin Ziad hear…

Another chain from Umm Hani' who said:

"I granted asylum for two men among my brother-in-laws. So the Messeneger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'We grant security to whomever you have granted security.'" This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge. They permit assurance of protection by a women. This is t…

Narrated Abu Al-Faid:

"I heard Sulaim bin 'Amir saying: 'There was a treaty between Mu'awiyah and the people of Rome. He was making an expedition into their lands so that when the period of the treaty was expires he would attack them. So when a man upon an animal' - or - 'upon a horse said: "Allahu Akbar! Fulfillment not…

Narrated Ibn 'Umar:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Indeed the one who betrays will have a banner erected for him on the Day of Judgement." There are narrations on this topic from 'Ali, 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud, Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri, and Anas. This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. I asked Muhammad about the Hadith of Suwaid…

Narrated Jabir:

"On the day of (the battle of) Al-Ahzab, Sa'd bin Mu'adh was struck by an arrow such that the upper vein or lower vein of his forearm was severed. So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) tried to stop it with fire, but it made his arm bleed profusely so he left it. Then he did it another time but it caused it…

Narrated Samurah bin Jundab:

That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Kill the elder men among the idolaters and spare the Sharkh amont them." And the Sharkh are the boys who did not begin to grow pubic hair. This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. Hajjaj bin Artah narrated similarly from Qatadah.

Narrated 'Atiyyah Al-Qurazi:

"We were presented to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the day of (the battle of) Quraizah. Whoever had pubic hair was killed and whoever did not was left to his way. I was of those who did not have pubic hair so I was left to my way." This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. This is acted upon according to some…

Narrated 'Amr bin Shu'aib:

From his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said during his Khutbah: "Fulfill the allegiances sworn in Jahiliyyah for it" - meaning Islam - "does not add to them except in gravity. And do not initiate new allegiances in Islam." There are narration on this topic from 'Ab…

Narrated Bajalah bin 'Abdah :

"I was a scribe for Jaz' bin Mu'awiyah at Manadhir when 'Umar's letter came to us (saying): 'Inspect the Zoroastrians around you to take the Jizyah from them. For indeed 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf informed me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took the Jizyah from the Zoroastrians of Hajar.'" This Hadith is Hasan.

Narrated Bajalah:

That 'Umar would not take the Jizyah from the Zoroastrians until 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf informed him that the Prophet (ﷺ) took Jizyah from the Zoroastrians of Hajar." There is more dialogue in the Hadith than this. And this Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Malik :

From Az-Zuhri, that Sa'ib bin Yazid said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took the Jizyah from the Zoroastrians of Bahrain, and 'Umar took it in Persia, and 'Uthman took it from the Persians." I asked Muhammad about this, so he said: "It is: 'Malik from Az-Zuhri from the Prophet (ﷺ).'"